Will LED Lighting Be Really Worth It? | Your Home Improvement Place

Individuals are trying to reduce expenses and energy now. The first thing you are said to do is convert incandescent lights with new technology light bulbs. This saves energy but does it save you money? I want to take a while to run the numbers on the new and not so new lights around. This won?t be an in-depth summary on lighting just to confirm if the new lamps are worth the initial expense.

- Let me use 10 cents a Kilowatt Hour for the cost of electric current (0.10/KWH).

- Let me take 4,000 hours of service a year. This is about average for a retail store or restaurant occupancy.

- We are using a 60 watt incandescent light as the basis of the calculation, so my comparison lights would have 800 lumens approximately.

- I am going to look at the current price on a 1 year, 5 year and 10 year scale.

- The cost of cash is 7%. This will be essential in the assessment section because after you buy the lights you don?t get that money left to spend on other things or earn you money. Listed below will be yearly cost of ownership. This is Incandescent light bulb amortized at 7% over the life time of the bulb divided by 4,000 hour yearly.

Incandescent Lights:

For the reasons of this exercise I will assume that incandescent lights are free. An instant price check presents I can get 8 packs for less than 2 dollars so I am rounding this cost to an absolute zero.

- 60 watts x 4,000 hours = 240,000 watts (Watts each year).

- 240 KWH x $0.10 = $24.00 per year to use the incandescent bulb.

- Yearly cost of Ownership = $0.00. (Since the bulb cost almost nothing the cost to own the bulb also is $0.00.)

Fluorescent Lights:

I am applying a 13 watt compact fluorescent they emit about 900 lumens and will last about 8,000 hours then cost just about $10.00.

- 13 watts x 4,000 hours = 52,000 watts (Watts each year)

- 52 KWH x $0.10 = $5.20 per year to power the fluorescent bulb.

- Annual cost of Ownership = $5.40 ($10.00 at 7% for 2 years)

LED Light Bulbs:

LED lights are a little more confusing than the others. I am having a LED based light with similar light output as the above 2 lights, 13 watts, 900 lumens and 50,000 hour longevity. The price I am using is $75.00. You can find low cost lights with longer life spans but the color of the rays of light is not comparable to the rest.

- 13 watts x 4,000 hours = 52,000 watts (Watts annually)

- 52 KWH x $0.10 = $5.20 per year to power the LED bulb.

- Annual cost of Ownership = $9.00 ($75.00 at 7% for 12.5 years)

The Comparison

- Incandescent Bulbs = 1 year $24.00 ? 5 year $120.00 ? 10 year $240.00

- Fluorescent Bulbs = 1 year $10.60 ? 5 year $53.00 ? 10 year $106.00

- LED Bulbs = 1 year $14.20 ? 5 year $71.00 ? 10 year $142.00

Conclusion

LED light prices would have to decrease to $45.00 to be with equal footing with CFL or the wattage would have to be cut in half. By the time you browse this it may already be real, so get the latest prices and your utility bill and run the numbers for your internet marketing business.

Source: http://your-home-improvement.com/flooring/will-led-lighting-be-really-worth-it-4538.php

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Darvish has shutout inning in Texas squad game

Associated Press Sports

updated 5:41 p.m. ET March 2, 2012

SURPRISE, Ariz. (AP) - The mere presence of Yu Darvish on the mound made this more than an ordinary day at camp for the Texas Rangers.

Intrasquad games normally draw few fans with mostly scouts, wives, families, girlfriends and club officials in attendance.

That was certainly not the case Friday. The stands were nearly full, people were standing and more than 100 members of the media attended.

Most everyone came to see Darvish, the Japanese star who's starting his first season with the two-time AL champions.

The 25-year-old, 6-foot-5 righty did fine. He struck out Elvis Andrus while throwing a hitless third inning. The sound of a horde of cameras shuttering with every one of his 21 pitches drowned out the thud of the ball hitting the mitt of catcher Dusty Brown.

"My fastball life and the quality are not even close at all to season form," Darvish said through a translator. "At this time every year my fastball quality and feel are not good. We still have a month to go."

Darvish is scheduled to pitch again March 7 against San Diego.

Instead of facing minor league hitters, as he had been doing in batting practice, Darvish faced the top of the Rangers' batting order - Ian Kinsler, Andrus, Josh Hamilton and Adrian Beltre.

Darvish twice fell behind in the count 3-0 and threw only 11 strikes.

"You could tell he was a little nervous," Hamilton said. "It's the first time facing hitters, everybody's watching as far as game-type situations. Overall, he looks very confident on the mound and obviously that will continue to grow the more games we get into.

"Going to a new team, a new situation, a new culture all those things play a factor in how you're feeling. You can step into his shoes a little bit and think about how he's feeling - not really know, but just think about it. He'll get better when he settles in," he said.

After opening with three straight balls to Kinsler, Darvish evened the count with two called strikes. Kinsler flied out to shallow left on a slider.

"It's tough to judge the first outing of the year on a backfield in Surprise, Ariz.," Kinsler said. "He had a clean inning. He threw strikes when he needed to. He threw me a 3-2 offspeed pitch, a slider. That's pretty good on the first day to have confidence in your offspeed stuff to throw in a full count."

Darvish struck out Andrus swinging at a sinker.

"A saw a super slow curve, it was good," Andrus said. "The fastball had a lot of life on it. All around he looked pretty good. He threw me two pretty good sinkers. It's going to be a great pitch for him during the season."

"He knows how good of a pitcher he is. He knows how well he controls his pitches. We truly believe he's going to get everything back on track and be the Yu Darvish everybody knows," he said.

Hamilton, the 2010 AL MVP, walked on five pitches.

"The ball moved tremendously," Hamilton said.

Darvish ended the inning by getting Beltre on a grounder.

Radar guns clocked Darvish's fastball between 93-96 mph.

When Darvish took the mound the temperature was in the upper 50s with a north wind of 15 to 25 miles per hour, gusting up to 40, making it unseasonably chilly in Arizona. Darvish said that did not affect his balance and mechanics.

"I think the delivery is fine," he said. "I've thrown in these types of conditions before."

He shook off Brown a few times.

"I've been told by the pitching coach to throw the pitch you want to throw," Darvish said. "There is nothing wrong with shaking off the catcher. The reason I shook him off and went to my pitch is not to try to work on anything. I tried to get the guy out."

He said it was fun facing the top of the Texas lineup.

"I enjoyed it," he said. "I was fortunate to throw against three quality hitters like that. The superstars around the league, I don't know everyone, but I'm looking forward very much to facing those guys."

Kinsler is glad he will be playing behind Darvish during the regular season.

"I'm glad he's on our team," he said. "There's no doubt about that. I'm glad we don't have to face him in our division or in our league. We're real excited about having him on the team."

? 2012 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.

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What makes a robot fish attractive? Robot fish moves to the head of the school

ScienceDaily (Mar. 1, 2012) ? Probing the largely unexplored question of what characteristics make a leader among schooling fish, researchers have discovered that by mimicking nature, a robotic fish can transform into a leader of live ones.

Through a series of experiments, researchers from Polytechnic Institute of New York University (NYU-Poly) aimed to increase understanding of collective animal behavior, including learning how robots might someday steer fish away from environmental disasters. Nature is a growing source of inspiration for engineers, and the researchers were intrigued to find that their biomimetic robotic fish could not only infiltrate and be accepted by the swimmers, but actually assume a leadership role.

In a paper published online in the Journal of the Royal Society Interface, Stefano Marras, at the time a postdoctoral fellow in mechanical engineering at NYU-Poly and currently a researcher at Italy's Institute for the Marine and Coastal Environment-National Research Council, and Maurizio Porfiri, NYU-Poly associate professor of mechanical engineering, found conditions that induced golden shiners to follow in the wake of the biomimetic robot fish, taking advantage of the energy savings generated by the robot.

The researchers designed their bio-inspired robotic fish to mimic the tail propulsion of a swimming fish, and conducted experiments at varying tail beat frequencies and flow speeds. In nature, fish positioned at the front of a school beat their tails with greater frequency, creating a wake in which their followers gather. The followers display a notably slower frequency of tail movement, leading researchers to believe that the followers are enjoying a hydrodynamic advantage from the leaders' efforts.

In an attempt to create a robotic leader, Marras and Porfiri placed their robot in a water tunnel with a golden shiner school. First, they allowed the robot to remain still, and unsurprisingly, the "dummy" fish attracted little attention. When the robot simulated the familiar tail movement of a leader fish, however, members of the school assumed the behavior patterns they exhibit in the wild, slowing their tails and following the robotic leader.

"These experiments may open up new channels for us to explore the possibilities for robotic interactions with live animals -- an area that is largely untapped," explained Porfiri. "By looking to nature to guide our design, and creating robots that tap into animals' natural cues, we may be able to influence collective animal behavior to aid environmental conservation and disaster recovery efforts."

The researchers posit that robotic leaders could help lead fish and other wildlife that behave collectively -- including birds -- away from toxic situations such as oil or chemical spills or human-made dangers such as dams. Other experimenters have found success in prompting wildlife to move using non-living attractants, but the researchers believe this is the first time that anyone has used biomimetics to such effect.

Marras and Porfiri conducted their experiments with support from the National Science Foundation.

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Story Source:

The above story is reprinted from materials provided by Polytechnic Institute of New York University.

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.

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Journal Reference:

1. Stefano Marras and Maurizio Porfiri. Fish and robots swimming together: attraction towards the robot demands biomimetic locomotion. Journal of the Royal Society Interface, 2012 DOI: 10.1098/%u200Brsif.2012.0084

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: Views expressed in this article do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/03/120301113345.htm

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